콜먼 호킨스

소개

콜먼 호킨스(영어: Coleman Hawkins, 1904년 11월 21일 ~ 1969년 5월 19일)는 미국의 재즈 테너 색소폰 연주가였다. 요아힘 E. 베렌트이 설명한 것처럼, 그의 악기에 처음으로 유명한 재즈 음악가 중 한명은 "그의 앞에 테너 선수가 몇명 있었지만, 그 악기는 공인된 재즈 호른이 아니었다"라고 말했다. 호킨스는 스윙 음악과 빅 밴드 시대와 밀접하게 연관되어 있지만 1940년대에 비밥을 키우는 데는 큰 역할을 했다.

Coleman Randolph Hawkins, nicknamed "Hawk" and sometimes "Bean", was an American jazz tenor saxophonist. One of the first prominent jazz musicians on his instrument, as Joachim E. Berendt explained: "There were some tenor players before him, but the instrument was not an acknowledged jazz horn." Hawkins biographer John Chilton described the prevalent styles of tenor saxophone solos prior to Hawkins as "mooing" and "rubbery belches". Hawkins denied being first and noted his contemporaries Happy Caldwell, Stump Evans, and Prince Robinson, although he was the first to tailor his method of improvisation to the saxophone rather than imitate the techniques of the clarinet. Hawkins's virtuosic, arpeggiated approach to improvisation, with his characteristic rich, emotional, and vibrato-laden tonal style, was the main influence on a generation of tenor players that included Chu Berry, Charlie Barnet, Tex Beneke, Ben Webster, Vido Musso, Herschel Evans, Buddy Tate, and Don Byas, and through them the later tenormen, Arnett Cobb, Illinois Jacquet, Flip Phillips, Ike Quebec, Al Sears, Paul Gonsalves, and Lucky Thompson. While Hawkins became known with swing music during the big band era, he had a role in the development of bebop in the 1940s.