막스 에른스트

소개

막스 에른스트(Max Ernst, 1891년 4월 2일 ~ 1976년 4월 1일)는 독일의 화가이다. 쾰른에서 출생하였으며, 초현실주의 (쉬르레알리슴)의 지도적인 인물이다. 처음에는 표현파에 속하였으나, 1919년 아르프와 함께 다다이즘을 결성하였다. 1924년 쉬르레알리슴 선언에 참가하였으며, 1949년에 파리로 이주하였다. 대표 작품으로〈셀레베스의 코끼리〉, 〈봄〉, 〈자연의 역사〉 등이 있다.

Max Ernst was a German-born painter, sculptor, printmaker, graphic artist, and poet. A prolific artist, Ernst was a primary pioneer of the Dada movement and surrealism in Europe. He had no formal artistic training, but his experimental attitude toward the making of art resulted in his invention of frottage—a technique that uses pencil rubbings of textured objects and relief surfaces to create images—and grattage, an analogous technique in which paint is scraped across canvas to reveal the imprints of the objects placed beneath. Ernst is noted for his unconventional drawing methods as well as for creating novels and pamphlets using the method of collages. He served as a soldier for four years during World War I, which left him shocked, traumatised and critical of the modern world. During World War II he was designated an "undesirable foreigner" while living in France.